{"id":19363,"date":"2023-02-06T21:49:59","date_gmt":"2023-02-06T20:49:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/focus-8-les-femmes-et-la-tech\/"},"modified":"2024-07-08T15:08:33","modified_gmt":"2024-07-08T13:08:33","slug":"focus-8-women-and-tech-404-error-on-the-screen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/en\/focus-8-women-and-tech-404-error-on-the-screen\/","title":{"rendered":"FOCUS #8 &#8211; Women and tech:  404 error on the screen?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-ldsvq760-8507a5175be0d033528789d8facfd3b4 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  focus-ensemble avia-bg-style-scroll av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-100 av-height-100  container_wrap fullsize'   data-av_minimum_height_pc='100' data-av_min_height_opt='100'><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-19363'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ldt97fep-6aa5f901f0dc0e066590af5bcf55968a '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock retour-focus'  itemprop=\"text\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/nos-focus\/\">< Retour Focus<\/a>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ldsvxm3d-c500cbc34ec51ffffb82e82421e1f5fc\">\n#top .flex_column.av-ldsvxm3d-c500cbc34ec51ffffb82e82421e1f5fc{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-ldsvxm3d-c500cbc34ec51ffffb82e82421e1f5fc{\nbackground-color:#c73fbd;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-ldsvxm3d-c500cbc34ec51ffffb82e82421e1f5fc{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-ldsvxm3d-c500cbc34ec51ffffb82e82421e1f5fc av_one_full  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_one_full  numero-ensemble first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ldsvq00q-5f23013d2c2af1c29a277ebc52c8b470\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ldsvq00q-5f23013d2c2af1c29a277ebc52c8b470 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\ncolor:#002b21;\ntext-align:right;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ldsvq00q-5f23013d2c2af1c29a277ebc52c8b470 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock numero av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: right;\">FOCUS<br \/>\n#08<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-85qqu-c26a7e033d5612db1a24564c14f8850d\">\n.flex_column.av-85qqu-c26a7e033d5612db1a24564c14f8850d{\nborder-width:4px;\nborder-color:#c73fbd;\nborder-style:solid;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-85qqu-c26a7e033d5612db1a24564c14f8850d av_one_full  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-last  contenu first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ldsv3l8z-92d017bf4015b6bf47442fd856999ac8\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ldsv3l8z-92d017bf4015b6bf47442fd856999ac8{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#004aad;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ldsv3l8z-92d017bf4015b6bf47442fd856999ac8 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ldsv3l8z-92d017bf4015b6bf47442fd856999ac8 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#004aad;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ldsv3l8z-92d017bf4015b6bf47442fd856999ac8 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ldsv3l8z-92d017bf4015b6bf47442fd856999ac8 av-special-heading-h1 custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-5  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Women and tech: 404 error on the screen?<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ldsv5zyh-4f33c147b4228344d19bab32c3ec4ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock chapeau'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-justify para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">With Women &amp; Girls in Tech, a coalition launched in 2019 by BNP Paribas, Digital Ladies &amp; Allies and Simplon to develop the representation of women in the digital sector through intergenerational content and events. \u2014 Find out more: https:\/\/wogi.tech\/<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-justify para-style-body\"><strong><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-underline text-strikethrough-none\">Summary<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"OYPEnA text-strikethrough-none text-decoration-none\"><strong>:<\/strong> While women represent a minority but not negligible share of the professionals working in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics sectors, they are often left out of the technological picture. There is a fine line between content that reinforces gender stereotypes and the masculine figure of the geek. However, models do exist and initiatives to break out of clich\u00e9s show that it is possible to intervene to raise awareness both in the production and distribution chain and among the general public.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ldsy3oaj-0b2cb3548b5aa7021ed07d9354de69ce\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ldsy3oaj-0b2cb3548b5aa7021ed07d9354de69ce .avia_textblock{\ncolumn-count:2;\ncolumn-gap:5%;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 989px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ldsy3oaj-0b2cb3548b5aa7021ed07d9354de69ce .avia_textblock{\ncolumn-count:1;\n}\n.av_textblock_section.av-ldsy3oaj-0b2cb3548b5aa7021ed07d9354de69ce .avia_textblock.av_multi_colums > p:first-child{\nmargin-top:0.85em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ldsy3oaj-0b2cb3548b5aa7021ed07d9354de69ce '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_multi_colums'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Worldwide, 24% of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) jobs are held by women, who design 22% of algorithms, hold 11% of cybersecurity positions and 16.9% of board seats. While almost 25% of services and technological devices we use have been developed by women, the hero who appears on the screen behind a computer or in a laboratory has long been a white man, whether in films (Kenneth Johnson\u2019s Call Me Johnny 5, 1985), television series (Robert K. Weiss\u2019 Code Lisa, 1994), or cartoons (Gary in Matt Groening\u2019s The Simpsons, since 1989). Even today, women on screen are often left out of the technological picture.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">CONTENT THAT REINFORCES <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">GENDER STEREOTYPES<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">In Belgium, only 44% of the main roles in fiction are played by women, and 60% of the roles played are associated with being a mother. Only 33% of UK children\u2019s content involves women in a scientific role. Instead of giving greater visibility to women in science, the content on the screens actually tends to widen the gap between men and women.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-justify para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Many inventions in the fields of computer science or mechanics are made by women that do not receive, however, the same credit and attention as their male counterparts. Although the rate of women experts on television and radio continues to increase, with 41% of all invited experts in 2020, women are still not represented in our visual and popular culture as a force of innovation or creation. This entrenches a double perverse dynamic: audiovisual content reflects inequalities, without proposing female role models who could be vectors of change. Worse still, this content maintains and reinforces gender stereotypes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-justify para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">The Austrian sociologist Eva Flicker has identified seven stereotypical figures of the female scientist that are often found in popular audiovisual content: the \u201cspinster\u201d, the tough woman who liberates other women, the slightly naive expert, the evil plotter, the scientist\u2019s daughter or assistant, the lonely heroine and the very trendy \u201cmalignant digital beauty\u201d, which reflects the growing popularity of the hacker\/developer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Women associated with technology are thus:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">often portrayed as passive, technologically illiterate assistants supporting their heroic bosses; the scientist being generally a man, unlike his secretary or lab assistant. On television, scientific discourse is often monopolised by men. For example, in France, during the so-called COVID crisis, women represented only 27% of doctors and 40% of pharmacists interviewed, while they represent 46% and 60% of these professions respectively;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">more often naked and sexualised than male characters associated with technology (31.5% are presented as attractive compared to 15.2% for men); for example, in James Bond, nuclear physicist Christmas Jones, played by Denise Richards (The World is Not Enough directed by <\/span><a class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/search?q=Michael+Apted&amp;filters=ufn:%20%22Michael+Apted%20%22+sid:%20%22642251c5-b3fd-1404-4262-dfe7dedafebe%20%22+gsexp:%20%228e84d7f2-733b-5133-c0d9-e72c32534680_bXNvL2ZpbG0uZmlsbS5kaXJlY3RvcnxUcnVl%22&amp;FORM=SNAPST\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Michael Apted<\/a><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">, 1999), versus missing scientist Valdo Obruchev, played by actor David Dencik (No Time to Die <\/span><a class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/search?q=Cary+Joji+Fukunaga&amp;filters=ufn:%20%22Cary+Joji+Fukunaga%20%22+sid:%20%2277e3a15f-c1ba-dac7-94ab-e747e9358f49%22+gsexp:%20%2289a1dd89-7282-49a8-ba34-b18fdebb7911_bXNvL2ZpbG0uZmlsbS5kaXJlY3RvcnxUcnVl%22&amp;FORM=SNAPST\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">directed by Cary Joji Fukunaga<\/a><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">, 2021).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_1217\" style=\"width: 218px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1217\" title=\"photo focus 8\" src=\"https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-208x300.png\" alt=\"photo focus 8\" width=\"208\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-208x300.png 208w, https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-277x400.png 277w, https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8.png 319w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 208px) 100vw, 208px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1217\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">The male scientist in James Bond:<\/span><br \/><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Valdo Obruchev, <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">No time to die<\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">, 2021<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">They are regularly cast in the role of \u201cfemme fatale\u201d who must necessarily use their charms rather than their intellectual faculties to get what they want. Men are not subject to these aesthetic constraints and are free to be ugly or even grotesque, since it is their expertise that justifies their relevance in the narrative;<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1219\" style=\"width: 252px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1219\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1219\" title=\"photo focus 8\" src=\"https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-1-242x300.png\" alt=\"photo focus 8 1\" width=\"242\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-1-242x300.png 242w, https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-1-322x400.png 322w, https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-1.png 385w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 242px) 100vw, 242px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1219\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #5e17eb;\">La scientifique femme dans James Bond :<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #5e17eb;\">Christmas Jones, Le monde ne suffit pas, 1999<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">linked to a man, who manipulates or influences them and to whom they owe their technical abilities. In Christopher Nolan\u2019s Interstellar (2014), the two main female characters, Dr. Amelia Brand (Anne Hathaway) and Murphy Cooper (Jessica Chastain) only practice their professions in the eyes of their respective father figures;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">caught up in their emotions: as is the case with Jules Ostin, played by Anne Hathaway, in Nancy Meyers\u2019 The Intern (2015), an entrepreneur in the tech start-up world whose ability to conduct her business is undermined by her love and family history;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">awkward and clumsy: in the cartoon Scooby-Doo (since 1969), Velma, who is the smartest character in the group of friends, is often the object of humorous comments that ridicule her. Single, she is characterised by physical features that do not correspond to the usual beauty criteria, and is constantly caught up in slightly crazy scenes. In contrast, Daphne, who is drawn according to conventional standards of beauty and is in a love affair with Fred, the male character portrayed as attractive, appears on screen more often even though it\u2019s usually Velma\u2019s ingenuity that gets the group out of trouble.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_1221\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1221\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1221\" title=\"photo focus 8\" src=\"https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-2-300x247.png\" alt=\"photo focus 8 2\" width=\"300\" height=\"247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-2-300x247.png 300w, https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-2-400x329.png 400w, https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-2.png 463w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1221\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #5e17eb;\">Daphn\u00e9 , Scooby-Doo<\/span><\/p><\/div><br \/>\n<div id=\"attachment_1223\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1223\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1223\" title=\"photo focus 8\" src=\"https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-3-300x188.png\" alt=\"photo focus 8 3\" width=\"300\" height=\"188\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-3-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-3-400x251.png 400w, https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-3.png 466w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1223\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #5e17eb;\">Vera , Scooby-Doo<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">THE GEEK-WOMAN WAS A MAN<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">At the same time, when a film or series organises its narrative arc substantially around a female character involved in scientific or technological activities, it is not uncommon for her representation to borrow many male characteristics:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Lisbeth Salander, played by Noomi Rapace in Niels Arden Oplev\u2019s Millenium (2009), fits into all the codes of representation of the \u201cgeek\u201d figure. Her character is based on a succession of stereotypes that actively constitute her as a marginal character. Her physical appearance is very androgynous, her clothes, hair and make-up are deliberately offbeat and disturbing, while her attitude is generally hostile and taciturn;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Chloe O\u2019Brian, played by Mary Lynn Rajskub in<\/span><a class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joel_Surnow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Joel Surnow<\/a><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"> and Robert Cochran\u2019s 24 (2001-2014), is the computer specialist for the anti-terrorist unit. The computer genius also fits the pattern of a brilliant but moody, irascible and obsessive femininity, and puts the success of the missions entrusted to her before her emotions, at the risk of remaining very isolated and without a social life;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Rebecca Webb, played by Hannah Ware, in Howard Overman\u2019s UK series The One (2021) is the woman who developed the fictional application of the topic. She\u2019s a brilliant scientist and the head of a science and technology empire. Depicted as \u2018strong\u2019 and ruthless, she masters and crushes all obstacles in her path and does not hesitate to use cruelty to achieve her ends. She values success and knowledge over love, and thus assumes the characteristics usually attributed to the male gender.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">However, the images conveyed by screens shape our imaginations and have concrete repercussions on women\u2019s ability to project themselves in the STEM sector. All the images, whether fictional or not, are part of the project of constructing a reality by their creators. For minorities or women, the choices related to their visibility and its features are not trivial.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Their representation in cinema, television, advertising or video games is politically charged, as it sets and determines the relationship with the rest of society. Screens can therefore help to reduce stereotypes and open up imaginations.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">MINORITY MODELS <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">TO BE HIGHLIGHTED<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Some works of fiction, many of them very successful, break the codes and offer alternatives, showing women:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">with high responsibility and scientific expertise. In the world of fiction, for example, Gene Roddenberry\u2019s Star Trek (from 1966) features Nyota Uhura, played by Nichelle Nichols, as one of the first major roles for a black woman. Her presence on board the <\/span><a class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_Enterprise_(NCC-1701)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enterprise NCC-1701<\/a><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"> as a <\/span><a class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\" draggable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lieutenant_(military_grade)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lieutenant<\/a><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">, more senior than some of the male crew, is thus highly symbolic. More recently, Ryan Coogler\u2019s Black Panther (2018) features the character of Shuri, played by Letitia Wright, who breaks the stereotypes associated with the portrayal of female scientists and offers a portrait of a contrasting and brilliant femininity without stereotypes. In the world of series, 3615 Monique directed by Emmanuel Poulain-Arnaud and Armand Robin (2020) features the character of St\u00e9phanie, played by No\u00e9mie Schmidt, as the head of the team of men in charge of the development of the digital messaging service that she has the idea of launching. Independent and strong in business, she establishes herself as the authority figure of the group in the face of awkward and dissipated male figures;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">combative and courageous: like the spies in the cartoon, Totally Spies by Vincent Chalvon-Demersay and David Michel (2002 to 2013). These characters paved the way for a gradual diversification of female identities in youth programmes in the early 2000s;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">more seasoned than their male counterparts: for example, in Robert Zemeckis\u2019 science fiction film Contact (1997), Jodie Foster is the only one who imagines she can develop communication with alien life, while in Steven Soderbergh\u2019s Contagion (2011), Kate Winslet is a whistleblower who warns of the seriousness of a pandemic that everyone is playing down. These two characters play an essential role in the narratives and the resolution of the plots.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_1225\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1225\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1225\" title=\"photo focus 8\" src=\"https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-4-300x227.png\" alt=\"photo focus 8 4\" width=\"300\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-4-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-4-495x376.png 495w, https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-4-400x302.png 400w, https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-4.png 498w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1225\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Lieutenant Nyota Uhura (Nichelle Nichols),<\/span><br \/><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Star Trek<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">PROJECTS TO BE DEVELOPED <\/span><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">FOR DE-INVISIBILISATION<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-justify para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Many female STEM figures are still missing from the screen: biopics are to be written, stories are to be drawn. Workshops and script bursaries could be launched so that some of them finally appear on the screen. There is no excuse: they exist and their lives already sound like big budget movies! They include, the American Tabitha Babbitt, who became a member of the Shakers in the Harvard community, invented the circular saw, the spinning wheel head and the dental prosthesis in the 18th century; the Englishwoman Josephine Cochrane, who invented the dishwasher in 1886; Mary Anderson, an American, who designed windscreen wipers in 1903 (while at the same time a law in force in certain American states only allowed women to drive on condition that their husbands ran in front of the vehicle waving a flag, warning of the danger); Grace Hopper, Vice Admiral of the US Army, who conceived and programmed the first compiler for computer languages (COBOL language) in 1952. Such personalities deserve to be highlighted, in order to show the diversity and complexity of the profiles of women scientists and inventors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-justify para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Already, initiatives are helping to change the way people think. This is the case of the Femmes et Cin\u00e9ma association, which each year with France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions, via its \u201cFemmes actives\u201d programme, supports short film projects featuring women in the world of work and organises round tables and conferences in schools, to raise awareness among the youth.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-justify para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Similarly, Impact Film co-produces fiction and feature films featuring independent women characters, including in its editorial line those who are active in the science and technology sector. At the same time, the Franco-Swiss foundation Womanity has been developing since 2007 the Girls can Code programme, particularly in Afghanistan, which has enabled 34,200 young girls and 1,100 teachers to be trained in computer programming, an, audiovisual programmes for an Arab audience featuring young women. This is helping to deconstruct clich\u00e9s and stereotypes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-justify para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">In order to consolidate this dynamic, there is still work to be done to raise awareness of the entire audiovisual content production chain: financing, production, distribution, etc&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1227\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1227\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1227\" title=\"photo focus 8\" src=\"https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-5-300x259.png\" alt=\"photo focus 8 5\" width=\"300\" height=\"259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-5-300x259.png 300w, https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-5-400x346.png 400w, https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-5-500x432.png 500w, https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/photo-focus-8-5.png 546w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1227\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #5e17eb;\">Shuri (Letitia Wright), Black Panther<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ldsxuh8c-7e0145d7f931353dbc248361984dcf5d '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock pied-de-page'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-justify para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\"><strong>L\u2019Observatoire des images<\/strong>, created in 2021, is the first associative body to bring together those who are interested in the influence of representations in cinema, television, video games and advertisements, especially on the Internet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-justify para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Convinced that images can freeze representations and lock them into stereotypes or, on the contrary, enable emancipation and open up infinite possibilities, the partners of the observatory \u2013 whose members are working in production, distribution, financing, communication, research, institutions, etc. \u2013 organised meetings in order to reflect and act together.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-justify para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">The objectives of the coalition include:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-justify para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">raising awareness of the public authorities, professionals and the public;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-justify para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">developing research on the reception of images and highlight existing work;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-justify para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">aggregating and supporting professional practices;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-justify para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">promoting projects and teams concerned with combating stereotypes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"cvGsUA direction-ltr align-justify para-style-body\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">\u2014 Join us: observatoiredesimages.org !<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-76qpq-abb2a81d44e8f55023a6beca1a704ac4\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-76qpq-abb2a81d44e8f55023a6beca1a704ac4{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-76qpq-abb2a81d44e8f55023a6beca1a704ac4 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_button '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-ldt1wov9-aaeb71e08151c0e04c0f490f14aa48c4-wrap avia-button-center  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_hr  avia-builder-el-last '><a href=\"https:\/\/observatoiredesimages.org\/focus\/8\/?tmstv=1678875092\" class=\"avia-button av-ldt1wov9-aaeb71e08151c0e04c0f490f14aa48c4 avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small avia-position-center avia-color-theme-color\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Download the Focus 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